Abstract
The present study was conducted for the assessment of heterosis and inbreeding depression for various agro-morphological traits in bread wheat. The experiment was conducted in 2012-13 and 2013-14 at Crop Research Farm of NDUA&T, Faizabad, UP. The analyses of heterosis over mid parent (MP), better parent (BP) as well as standard parent (SP, NW 1014) were carried out in 78 F1 crosses and inbreeding depression in F2 crosses by using a 13×13 diallel fashion excluding reciprocals. In general, biological yield exhibited maximum degree of standard heterosis, heterobeltiosis and average heterosis (46.96%, 39.98% and 31.78%), followed by grain yield (35.27%, 27.58% and 20.52%), respectively. Top five crosses viz., PBW 343 × HI 1563, PBW 343 × K 8962, RAJ 3765 × UP 2490, UP 2490 × CBW 38 and NW 2036 × UP 2490 expressed highest significant standard heterosis (>50%) for grain yield along with significant and desirable standard heterosis for 4-7 other yield components, thus these combinations may thus be used for developing superior genotypes through fixation of heterosis are also supported by significant specific combining ability effects. The crosses viz., PBW 343 × RAJ 3765 (-26.17); RAJ 3765 × HP 1744 (-20.66); NW 1014 × CBW 38 (-19.95); RAJ 3765 × CBW 38 (-10.31) and HP 1744 × CBW 38 (-9.71) and UP 2425 × CBW 38 (-5.87) express negative and significant inbreeding depression for grain yield and these crosses also have more than 15% heterosis over three parents therefore, these parents used in crosses could be used for further improvement in grain yield in bread wheat.
Keywords
Bread wheat, diallel analysis, grain yield, heterosis, inbreeding depression